Lesson 44: The Passive

Present Simple Passive

• Structure: am/is/are + past participle
• Active: "The chef cooks the meal."
• Passive: "The meal is cooked by the chef."

Past Simple Passive

• Structure: was/were + past participle
• Active: "They built the house."
• Passive: "The house was built by them."

Present Continuous Passive

• Structure: am/is/are + being + past participle
• Active: "The team is completing the project."
• Passive: "The project is being completed by the team."

Past Continuous Passive

• Structure: was/were + being + past participle
• Active: "They were painting the house."
• Passive: "The house was being painted by them."

Present Perfect Passive

• Structure: has/have + been + past participle
• Active: "Someone has cleaned the room."
• Passive: "The room has been cleaned."

Past Perfect Passive

• Structure: had + been + past participle
• Active: "They had finished the work."
• Passive: "The work had been finished by them."

Future Simple Passive

• Structure: will + be + past participle
• Active: "The company will launch the product."
• Passive: "The product will be launched by the company."

Using the Passive Voice

1. When the doer is unknown:

   • Active: "Someone stole my bike."
   • Passive: "My bike was stolen."

2. When the doer is not important:

   • Active: "People speak English in many countries."
   • Passive: "English is spoken in many countries."

3. When the focus is on the action itself:

   • Active: "The mechanic fixed the car."
   • Passive: "The car was fixed."

4. In formal or scientific writing:

   • Active: "Researchers conducted the experiment."
   • Passive: "The experiment was conducted by researchers."

Passive Voice Examples

Present Simple

• Active: "The teacher explains the lesson."
• Passive: "The lesson is explained by the teacher."

Past Simple

• Active: "They discovered a new planet."
• Passive: "A new planet was discovered."

Present Continuous

• Active: "The students are taking the test."
• Passive: "The test is being taken by the students."

Past Continuous

• Active: "They were repairing the road."
• Passive: "The road was being repaired."

Present Perfect

• Active: "They have completed the report."
• Passive: "The report has been completed."

Past Perfect

• Active: "They had opened the new store."
• Passive: "The new store had been opened."

Future Simple

• Active: "They will announce the results."
• Passive: "The results will be announced."

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