Usage:

1. To Describe an Action That Happened Before Another Action in the Past:

   • It describes an action that occurred and was completed before another action took place.
     • Example: "She had already finished her work when he arrived."

2. To Narrate Events in the Past in the Correct Sequence:

   • It ensures that the sequence of events in the past is clear, especially when describing multiple actions.
     • Example: "By the time they got there, the movie had already started."

3. To Express Regret or Unfulfilled Situations in the Past:

   • It can express regret or describe situations that did not happen as expected in the past.
     • Example: "I wish I had studied harder when I was in school."

Structure of Positive Sentences:

• Subject + had + past participle (V3).
  • Example: "She had finished her homework."

Structure of Negative Sentences:

• Subject + had + not (hadn't) + past participle (V3).
  • Example: "He hadn't seen the movie before."

Structure of Question Sentences:

• Had + subject + past participle (V3)?
  • Example: "Had they left when you arrived?"

Time Expressions Often Used with Past Perfect:

• Before, after, by the time, already, just.

Examples:

• Positive: "They had already eaten dinner."
• Negative: "She hadn't visited Europe before last summer."
• Question: "Had you finished your work when she called?"

Usage in Context:

• Sequential Actions: "He had read the book before he watched the movie."
• Regret: "I wish I had known about the meeting."

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