We use the constructions "may", "could", "can" and "would" to form polite request sentences.

May:

"May" is more suitable for formal situations. It is used less often, but can be used to add a more polite tone to requests.

"May I borrow your pen, please?"

Could:

"Could" is more common and more widely used. It is often used to add politeness even in more informal settings.

"Could you pass me the salt, please?"

Can:

"Can" is commonly used in more casual, friendly language. However, it can still express a polite request when used in an appropriate tone and context.

"Can you please help me with this assignment?"

Would:

"Would" is often used to create a softer and gentler tone. It is especially preferred in more informal situations to add intimacy.

"Would you mind closing the window, please?"

These auxiliary verbs can be used to ask for something in a polite way and are useful for conveying your request to the other party in a more pleasant way.

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