The constructions "can", "could" and "be able to" are used to express the abilities that a person has. "Can" usually refers to current or general abilities; "could" usually refers to past abilities or is used for a more polite expression; "be able to" is used to indicate past or future abilities.
CAN:
"Can" refers to the ability that a person currently or usually has.
"I can speak English."
"She can't swim."
COULD:
"Could" refers to the ability a person had in the past or is used for a more polite expression.
"When I was younger, I could run very fast."
"He couldn't find his keys yesterday."
BE ABLE TO:
"Be able to" refers to the ability that a person will have in the past or future.
"With practice, she will be able to play the piano."
"We haven't been able to solve the problem yet."
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