The constructions "can", "could" and "be able to" are used to express the abilities that a person has. "Can" usually refers to current or general abilities; "could" usually refers to past abilities or is used for a more polite expression; "be able to" is used to indicate past or future abilities.

CAN:

"Can" refers to the ability that a person currently or usually has.

"I can speak English."

"She can't swim." 

COULD:

"Could" refers to the ability a person had in the past or is used for a more polite expression.

"When I was younger, I could run very fast."

"He couldn't find his keys yesterday."

BE ABLE TO:

"Be able to" refers to the ability that a person will have in the past or future.

"With practice, she will be able to play the piano."

"We haven't been able to solve the problem yet." 

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