Usage:

1. To Describe Duration Before Another Action in the Past:

   • It describes an action that started in the past, continued for a period of time, and was still ongoing when another action or event occurred.
     • Example: "She had been waiting for over an hour when he finally arrived."

2. To Emphasize the Duration of an Action:

   • It emphasizes how long an action had been happening before something else happened in the past.
     • Example: "They had been living in that house for ten years before they decided to move."

3. To Explain Causes or Situations That Led Up to a Point in the Past:

   • It explains actions or situations that were ongoing and led up to a specific point or event in the past.
     • Example: "He was tired because he had been working hard all day."

Structure of Positive Sentences:

• Subject + had + been + verb + -ing.
  • Example: "She had been studying English for two hours."

Structure of Negative Sentences:

• Subject + had + not (hadn't) + been + verb + -ing.
  • Example: "They hadn't been playing tennis for very long."

Structure of Question Sentences:

• Had + subject + been + verb + -ing?
  • Example: "Had you been waiting for a long time?"

Time Expressions Often Used with Past Perfect Continuous:

• For, since, all day, how long.

Examples:

• Positive: "He had been playing the piano since morning."
• Negative: "She hadn't been studying German for very long."
• Question: "Had they been waiting for a long time?"

Usage in Context:

• Duration Before Another Action: "She had been cooking when the guests arrived."
• Emphasizing Duration: "They had been talking on the phone for hours."
• Leading Up to a Point: "He had been studying hard for the exam."

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