Structure:

1. Direct Speech: "I am going to the store," she said.
2. Reported Speech: She said (that) she was going to the store.

Basic Rules:

1. Tense Changes:

   • Present Simple → Past Simple
     • "I live here." → She said she lived there.
   • Present Continuous → Past Continuous
     • "I am reading a book." → He said he was reading a book.
   • Present Perfect → Past Perfect
     • "I have seen the movie." → She said she had seen the movie.
   • Past Simple → Past Perfect
     • "I saw him." → He said he had seen him.

2. Pronoun Changes:

   • "I" → "He/She"
   • "We" → "They"
   • "My" → "His/Her"
   • "Our" → "Their"

3. Time and Place Changes:

   • "Now" → "Then"
   • "Today" → "That day"
   • "Tomorrow" → "The next day"
   • "Here" → "There"

Examples:

1. Present Simple → Past Simple:

   • Direct: "I play tennis."
   • Reported: He said (that) he played tennis.

2. Present Continuous → Past Continuous:

   • Direct: "I am studying."
   • Reported: She said (that) she was studying.

3. Present Perfect → Past Perfect:

   • Direct: "I have finished my homework."
   • Reported: He said (that) he had finished his homework.

4. Past Simple → Past Perfect:

   • Direct: "I went to the market."
   • Reported: She said (that) she had gone to the market.

********* ********* ******** ********

Ücretsiz video derslerimiz aynı zamanda TEMEL İNGİLİZCE DİL BİLGİSİ kitabımızın konu anlatımlarıdır. Temel İngilizce Dil Bilgisi kitabımız ile bu videolara çalışarak İngilizce öğrenebilirsiniz.

Kitabı incelemek için aşağıdaki resme tıklayınız.

Temel Seviyede daha fazla ve farklı video dersler izlemek, daha fazla soru çözmek ve online aktiviteler yapmak için aşağıdaki kursumuzu inceleyiniz. (Resme tıklayınız.)